from scratch 白手起家;从头做起
start from scratch 从头开
;白手起家;从起跑线开![](https://dict.eudic.net/tmp/wordimg/iHwx8oR2jP5eFgqeZxTdLSzQqrw=.png)
up to scratch ![](https://dict.eudic.net/tmp/wordimg/4wU1h3ds4qCRJSNzwqthgAR@nqc=.png)
标准 without a scratch 一点儿也没受伤,安然无恙
scratch the surface 只做了肤浅
研究;不深刻,不周详 scratch for oneself [美国口语]关心自身利益
scratch line n. 起跑线
on scratch 准时,正点
scratch resistance 抗划伤;耐擦伤性
starting from scratch 白手起家;从零开![](https://dict.eudic.net/tmp/wordimg/iHwx8oR2jP5eFgqeZxTdLSzQqrw=.png)
scratch resistant 耐划伤性
scratch test 过敏性测验;划痕试验