We were passing through rocks of the transition or silurian [l] system.

我们正穿过过渡或留纪[l]系统的岩石。

While fish with jaws first appeared in the Silurian, they proliferated in the Devonian.

虽然有颚的鱼最早出现 留纪，但它们泥盆纪大量繁殖。

It could not be otherwise, for in the Silurian age the seas contained at least fifteen hundred vegetable and animal species.

不可能不是这样， 因留纪时代， 海洋中至少含有一千五百种植物和动物。

It's one of the earliest known fungi in the fossil record, dating back 440 million years, to the early Silurian Period.

它是化石记录中已知最早的真菌之一，可追溯到 4.4 前的留纪早期。

The period that came next, the Silurian, saw the evolution of armor in many groups of fish, all around the same time.

接下来的时期， 即留纪，见证了许多鱼群的盔甲化，几乎是同一时间。

So armored fish came in a variety of shapes and sizes during the Silurian and Devonian, from tiny Heterostracans to massive Placoderms.

因此，留纪和泥盆纪期间， 装甲鱼的形状和大小各不相同，从微小的异类鱼到巨大的盾皮鱼。

The fish fossils were discovered at two sites in Chongqing and Guizhou, whose strata date back to the Silurian Period that began around 440 million years ago.

这些古鱼化石是我国重庆、贵州等地留纪早期距今 4.4 的地层中发现的。

The culprit was an apex predator that dominated the seas of the late Silurian and early Devonian: the sea scorpion.

罪魁祸首是一种顶级捕食者，它留纪晚期和泥盆纪早期的海洋中占主导地位：海蝎子。

This twofold impact known as the Ordovician-Silurian Extinction, wiped out about 25% of all taxonomic families, including about half of trilobite families.

这种被称奥陶纪-留纪灭绝的双重影响消灭了大 25% 的所有分类科，包括大一半的三叶虫科。

By the Silurian Period, a genus called Sphooceras tried a different tactic: Instead of coiling its shell, it broke off the end of it.

到留纪时期， 一种名 Spooceras 的属尝试了一种不同的策略：它没有将外壳卷起来，而是折断了外壳的末端。

This is because scale trees were a type of plant called lycopods, which originated way back in the Silurian Period -- before seeds were even a thing!

这是因鳞片树是一种叫做石松的植物，起源于留纪时期——甚至种子出现之前！

But as the Silurian gave way to the Devonian, a dangerous new competitive pressure entered the seas — the armored, jawed fish known as the placoderms.

但随着留纪让位给泥盆纪，一种危险的新竞争压力入了海洋——被称盾皮鱼的有甲有颚鱼。

Thus it turned out that the last year in England was the pleasantest. He was already old in society, and belonged to the Silurian horizon. The Prince of Wales had come.

事实证明，英国的最后一是最愉快的。他社会上已经老了，属于留纪地平线。威尔士亲王来了。

The newfound mobility of this group allowed it to diversify throughout the Silurian, and fast, as they were able to colonize new areas and take advantage of new niches.

这个群体新发现的流动性使其能够整个留纪期间快速多样化，因他们能够新的地区殖民并利用新的生态位。

For instance, it cannot be doubted that all the Cambrian and Silurian trilobites are descended from some one crustacean, which must have lived long before the Cambrian age, and which probably differed greatly from any known animal.

例如，毫无疑问，所有的寒武纪和留纪三叶虫都是某种甲壳类动物的后代，这种甲壳类动物一定生活寒武纪之前很久， 而且可能与任何已知动物都大不相同。

And the results suggested that flying insects could have originated 406 million years ago, in the early Devonian -- and that the common ancestor of all insects lived a whopping 440 million years ago, in the Silurian period.

结果表明，飞虫可能起源于 4.06 前的泥盆纪早期——所有昆虫的共同祖先生活 4.4 前的留纪时期。

And it came from a layer of earth that dated back 420 million years, when the Silurian Period gave way to the Devonian -- a good 20 million years after Tortotubus first appears in the fossil record.

它来自可追溯到 4.2 前的地球层，当时留纪让位给泥盆纪——距 Tortotubus 首次出现化石记录中已有 2000 万。

By the time the Silurian Period rolled around, tens of millions of years later, the two clades had diverged, each adapting a different way of breathing that ultimately set them down very different evolutionary paths.

数千万后，留纪到来时，这两个化枝已经分道扬镳，各自适应不同的呼吸方式，最终使它们走上了截然不同的化道路。