People who catch the disease have the TB bacillus in their lungs.

感染者的肺部会携带结核菌。

And since it's a bacillus, it looks like a little pink rod under the microscope.

因为其属于杆菌，所以在光镜下的形态成粉红杆状。

Alright, as a quick recap: Legionella pneumophila is a Gram-negative bacillus found in water systems.

得！快速回顾一下：嗜肺军团菌是一种存在于供水系统中的革兰染色阴性菌。

The disease was brought to Europe by rodents that carried fleas with the bacillus bacterium Yersinia pestis.

这种疾病是由携带带有鼠疫杆菌的跳蚤的啮带到欧洲的。

It is caused by a specific bacillus.

它是由特定的杆菌引起的。

This is Bacillus subtilis. Those white dots that you see are spores.

这是枯草芽孢杆菌。你看到的那些白点是孢子。

Previous research has found that spores of a common bacteria, Bacillus subtilis, can survive in space.

先前的研究发现， 一种常见细菌枯草芽孢杆菌的孢子可以在太空中存活。

Do you think it's coincidence that the US and the UK in particular experienced especially virulent strains of the populist bacillus?

你认为美国和英国特别是经历了特别致命的民粹主义杆菌菌株是巧合吗？

That is, part of it goes to the man who invents a new bacillus and the rest to establish a hospital for doing away with it again.

也就是说，一部分钱留给了发现这种新微生的人，剩下一部分又用来建了一家消灭这种微生的医院。

For instance, they were used to stain previously invisible microbes and bacteria, allowing researchers to identify such bacilli as tuberculosis, cholera, and anthrax.

例如，它们被用来对以前看不见的微生和细菌进行染色，使研究人员能够识别结核病、霍乱和炭疽等杆菌。

In the lab, when doing a gram stain, Clostridium perfringens is Gram-positive, or purple when Gram stained, and look like big cylinders or rods, also called bacilli.

实验室做革兰氏染色时，产气荚膜梭菌显紫色（革兰氏阳性）：很像个大圆柱或棒子，因此也叫杆菌。

When doing a Gram stain, Clostridium tetani stains purple— or gram positive— and it's a bacillus, meaning that it looks like a big cylinder or rod under the microscope.

革兰氏染色中，破伤风梭菌显紫色（革兰氏染色阳性），呈棒状：显微镜下外观像一个巨大的圆柱体或棒子。

All right as a quick recap, Clostridium tetani is a sporulating, gram-positive, bacillus anaerobe that makes the toxin tetanospasmin, which causes tetanus by disrupting the release of inhibitory neurotransmitters from Renshaw cells.

得！快速复习一下：破伤风梭菌是一种产芽孢的革兰氏阳性厌氧棒状杆菌，能够产生引起破伤风的罪魁祸首破伤风痉挛毒素；该毒素通过干扰闰绍细胞中抑制性神经递质的释放而致病。

Additionally, the cell wall helps maintain their shape: the round-shaped bacteria are called cocci, the rod-shaped ones are called bacilli, spiral-shaped ones are spirilla, and sometimes the same bacteria can have multiple forms in which case they're called pleomorphic.

此外，细胞壁有助于保持其形状：圆形的细菌称为球菌，棒状的细菌叫做杆菌，螺旋形的是螺旋菌，有些细菌具有不同的形态，因此它们被称为多形菌。