Well, primary FSGS is when it's idiopathic, or there's no clear underlying cause.

原发FSGS特发（于肾），即未明确潜在病因。

Now, the cause of acute pericarditis is usually idiopathic, meaning that we don't know what causes it.

急心包炎通是特发；特发指原因不明。

If it's primary or idiopathic, then steroids are sometimes used, but they've been shown to have mixed results.

如果它是原发或特发，有时会使用类固醇激素，但是治疗结果有好有坏。

But for all these other problems, idiopathic hypersomnia, insomnia, we know it's complicated.

但是对于所有这些其他问题，特发嗜睡，失眠，们知道它很复杂。

I was diagnosed with idiopathic  hypersomnia, when I was 19 years old.

19 岁时被诊断出患有特发嗜睡症。

For people with idiopathic hypersomnia, or IH, that's not the case.

对于患有特发嗜睡症或 IH 人来说，情况并非如此。

People with idiopathic hypersomnia often have a lot of difficulty waking up in the mornings.

患有特发嗜睡症人通起床很困难。

Okay, let's recap - acute pericarditis is usually caused by a idiopathic causes, but can be caused by viruses or after a myocardial infarction.

急心包炎通原因未明，也可因病毒感染或心肌梗死导致。

So, I think it will really lead to a complete redefinition of the diagnosis of people who have idiopathic hypersomnia or insomnia.

因此，认为这将真正导致对特发嗜睡症或失眠症患者诊断进行彻底重新定义。

And there's a little bit of experimental evidence suggesting that idiopathic hypersomnia may have a circadian component to it as well.

还有一些实验证据表明，特发嗜睡症也可能有昼夜节律因素。

The inflammation may be caused by an infection, an autoimmune disease like multiple sclerosis, or it could just be idiopathic, meaning there is no identifiable cause.

这种炎症通由感染、自身免疫疾病（如多发硬化）引起，也可能是特发，即没有明确病因。

Someone diagnosed with idiopathic hypersomnia sleeps for long periods of time— say, 11 hours within a 24-hour period— but never wakes up feeling refreshed.

被诊断患有特发嗜睡症人睡了很​​长时间——比如 24 小时内睡了 11 个小时——但醒来时从未感到精神焕发。

And a lot of the optical abnormalities are similar to those found in people with idiopathic intracranial hypertension -- which can lead to vision loss.

许多光学异与特发颅内高压症患者发现异相似—— 这会导致视力丧失。

The most common primary cause is called idiopathic hyperaldosteronism, because the zona glomerulosa has an increase in the number of cells secreting aldosterone, but it's not really clear why this happens.

最见原发病因称为特发醛固酮增多症：这是由于球状带分泌醛固酮细胞数量增加，但目前尚不清楚为什么会发生这种情况。

Membranous glomerulonephritis most commonly affects caucasian adults, and it can be primary, or idiopathic, meaning it's not quite clear why these complexes form, and this accounts for the vast majority of cases.

白种人最易患膜肾小球肾炎，它可以是原发，即特发，意味着免疫复合物形成机理尚不明确；极大多数膜肾小球肾炎病因属于这类。

A number of years ago, several of my colleagues came up with a hypothesis that potentially idiopathic hypersomnia was being caused by an endogenous substance that was turning on the activity of GABA-A receptors.

多年前，几位同事提出了一个假设，即潜在特发嗜睡症是由一种内源物质引起，这种内源物质会开启 GABA-A 受体活。

The underlying cause of cranial nerve damage is idiopathic which means it's unknown, so when there's facial nerve a paralysis from a known cause like a stroke, a tumor, or trauma, it's not considered a Bell's palsy.

该颅神经受损是特发，即原因不明，所以有明确病因（如中风、肿瘤、外伤）面神经麻痹不属于贝尔麻痹。