The most common one is intervertebral disc herniation.

其中最常见的是椎间盘突出。

The intervertebral discs lie between vertebrae, and act as shock absorbers.

椎间盘位于两椎体之间，起到减震的作用。

In ankylosing spondylitis there's chronic inflammation of the intervertebral joints and the facet joints of the spine.

患有强直性脊柱炎时，椎间盘和关节突关节内存在炎。

Another cause of nerve compression is spinal stenosis, which is the narrowing of the spinal canal or intervertebral foramen.

受压迫的另原因是椎管窄，即椎管或椎间孔的窄。

Each nerve leaves the spinal canal through the corresponding intervertebral foramen, which are openings between two adjacent vertebrae.

所有均通过相应的椎间孔离开椎管；椎间孔开口于两块相邻椎体之间。

In addition to the intervertebral discs, each vertebra has joints called facet joints with the vertebra above and the vertebra below, one on each side.

除了椎间盘，椎骨之间还有种称为关节突关节的连结，在椎骨前后侧方各有。

Over time, the inflammation destroys the intervertebral joints, as well as the facet joints, and the sacroiliac joints, and fibroblasts replace the destroyed joint with fibrin.

随着时间推移，炎会破坏椎间盘、关节突关节和骶髂关节，而成纤维细胞会用纤维蛋白取代被破坏的关节组织。

And poor posture, traumas, physical activity, and strong rotational movement can cause herniations where the intervertebral disc bulges out and compress the nerves or spinal cord.

不良的姿势、创伤、体力活动和强烈的转体运动，可引起椎间盘突出，即椎间盘膨大突出于脊椎外，压迫或脊髓。

Each cervical, thoracic, and lumbar vertebra is separated by an intervertebral disc, which allows for a slight movement of the vertebrae, and act as a shock absorber.

每块颈、胸、腰椎之间都有椎间盘，它能使椎骨轻微移动，并起到减震的作用。

It's formed by the spinal nerves L4, L5 and S1, 2 and 3, which leave the spinal canal through the intervertebral foramen, an opening located between the vertebrae and behind intervertebral discs.

它是由脊腰4（L4）、腰5（L5）、骶1（S1）、骶2（S2）和骶3（S3）组成；这些通过椎间孔离开椎管；椎间孔为椎骨之间、椎间盘后方的椎管的开口。

Between each of the vertebral bodies is an intervertebral disc which is made of type I and type II collagen and has two parts, the annulus fibrosis, an outer fibrous ring, and the nucleus pulposus, an inner jelly-like substance.

在椎体之间的是由Ⅰ型和Ⅱ型胶原构成的椎间盘，它由两部分组成：外层的环形纤维结构称为纤维环，而内层的胶状物质称为髓核。

It can be congenital, meaning that the person is born with it, or acquired, usually due to degenerative disorders like ankylosing spondylitis, where the bones remodel causing intervertebral discs ossification, and the narrowing of the spinal canal.

它可能是先天性的，也就是说患者出生便有这种情况；或是获得性的，通常原因是退行性疾病，如强直性脊柱炎，导致骨重塑，引起椎间盘骨化，进而造成椎管窄。