They have adopted an academic term, neijuan or " involution" , to describe how extra input no longer yields more output.

他们用了一个学术型术语“内卷”形容更多投入并不能带更多产出这一情况。

Yet it will be difficult for China to avoid a period of industrial involution.

然而，中国很难避免一段产业内卷化时期。

Such restaurants, writes another blogger, show " involution" —intense, self-harming competition—taking hold.

另一位博主写道， 此类餐馆表明“内卷化”——激烈、自我伤害竞争——正在盛行。

For many young people in China, involution is sometimes an entrenched institution rather than a personal choice.

对于中国许多年轻人， 化有时是一种根深蒂固制度， 而不是个人择。

The question demands not only addressing the idea of involution, but rethinking how we face it.

这个问题不仅需要解决内卷化概念， 还需要重新思考我们如何面对它。

In the past, small and scattered industries were the incremental factors for common development, but now, it means low-end involution.

过去，小而散产业是共同发展增量因素，如今却意味着低端内卷。

Neijuan, often translated as " involution" , is a term now commonly used in the country to describe intense, self-harming competition.

内卷，通常被翻译为“内卷”，是该国现在常用一个术语，用于描述激烈、自残竞争。

Drawing a comparison with her 15-year-old sister, who is in eighth grade, Gaoyuan said that there is an obvious intensification in the trend of involution.

与15岁读八年级姐姐相比， 高媛表示，内卷化趋势明显加剧。

At the same time, the central government directly emphasizes the need to " combat involution" and asks enterprises not to compete in price reduction anymore.

同时，中央政府直接强调需要“反对内卷”，并要求企业不要再通过降价竞争。

While complaints about " involution" and overwork are more common among those with experience in the workplace, the sense of disillusionment has already set in for undergrad and grad school students.

虽然对“内卷”和过度工作抱怨在有工作经验人中更为常见，但本科生和研究生已经开始有幻灭感。

Involution didn't make its entry to the public consciousness until recent years, though, as Gaoyuan recalled, her past 20 years of life had always been played out under " the involution rules" .

内卷直到最近几年才进入公众意识，不过，正如高媛回忆那样，她过去20年生活始终是在“内卷规则”下上演。

Sometimes the several-hours after delivery is called the " fourth stage" , because there are major physiologic changes like adaption to the blood loss, and the start of uterine involution, where the uterus begins returning to its pre-pregnant state.

有时分娩后几个小时称为“第四产程”，因为有很多重要生理变化，例如血液流失适应，以及子宫复旧开始，子宫回到产前状态。