The studies also ran up against many methodological challenges, the biggest of which centered on the old statistical saying, " Correlation does not equal causation" .
However, the authors urge caution before such a conclusion can be confirmed, citing methodological limitations (including small sample sizes) among the studies they reviewed.
We have to bring--we have to return to the sort of methodological cautions we had in mind when we talked about individual difference research in general.
Existing studies do not find clear evidence of gender discrimination against job applicants for upper management. Due to methodological constraints, such research typically focuses on hiring for entry-level positions.
The problem, however, is that none of these fallbacks has the same combination of nationwide scope, methodological rigour and track record as, say, the bls's consumer price index.
This quest for objective realism posed a significant methodological problem as the act of filmmaking is by its very nature a manipulation of reality, and can therefore never achieve a true reflection of it.
Their core concern is a methodological one: that Mr Zucman and his co-authors make important assumptions in their economic models, which have the consequence of overstating growth in inequality in recent decades.