This myelin is produced by oligodendrocytes, which are a group of cells that support neurons.

髓鞘由支持元的少突胶质细形成。

Unfortunately, though, over time as the oligodendrocytes die off the remyelination stops and the damage becomes irreversible with the loss of axons.

病情长期下去因为少突胶质细的死亡，髓鞘将停止再生，并且随着元轴索的减少，这些可逆。

Those B-cells begin to make antibodies that mark the myelin sheath proteins, and then the macrophages use those antibody markers to engulf and destroy the oligodendrocytes.

那些B淋巴细分泌抗体，标记于髓鞘蛋上，巨噬细利用抗体标志吞噬摧毁少突胶质细。

Without oligodendrocytes, there's no myelin to cover the neurons, and this leaves behind areas of scar tissue, also called plaques or sclera.

没了少突胶质细，也就没有保护元的髓鞘，还会留下斑痕组织（硬化斑）。

Early on in multiple sclerosis, the oligodendrocytes will heal and extend out new myelin to cover the neurons, which is a process called remyelination.

多发性硬化早期，少突胶质细可以自我修复，形成新髓鞘包裹住元，叫作髓鞘再生。

In other words, an autoimmune attack on the oligodendrocytes might happen, and then regulatory T cells will come in to inhibit or calm down the other immune cells, leading to a reduction in the inflammation.

换个说法，自身免疫攻击少突胶质细后，T调节淋巴细会赶到并安抚其它免疫细，从而减轻炎症。

During a flare, T-cells cause inflammation and damage to oligodendrocytes in the central nervous system, which leaves behind scarred areas of demyelinated neurons called plaques, which causes a variety of symptoms depending on the location.

在发作期间，T淋巴细导致炎症并中枢系统的少突胶质细，在脱髓鞘元处形成瘢痕（硬化斑），从而根据部位的同产生同的症状。

And this means that those myelin specific T-cells release cytokines like IL-1, IL-6, TNF-alpha, and interferon-gamma, and together dilate the blood vessels which allows more immune cells to get in, as well as directly cause damage to the oligodendrocytes.

髓鞘敏感的T淋巴细释放细因子，比如IL-1、IL-6、α-肿瘤坏死因子、γ-干扰素，一起扩张血管让更多免疫细进入，直接少突胶质细。