Those with more than ten are polysaccharides.

由于10个糖分子组成的 那些称为聚糖。

Starches are polysaccharides with molecular bonds between sugar molecules that human intestinal enzymes can break down.

淀粉是葡萄糖分子通过分子连接聚合而成糖，可以被人肠道内的酶分解。

First, Klebsiella pneumoniae is encapsulated, which means it's covered by a polysaccharide layer called a capsule.

首先，它被糖成分的荚膜包裹。

Klebsiella has an abundant polysaccharide capsule which leads to the formation of very mucoid and viscous pink colonies.

克雷伯杆菌具有很厚的糖成分的荚膜，所以可以产生很物质使得菌落非常粘稠。

Mono- and disaccharides come from fruits, honey, sugar beets and sugar cane, while polysaccharide starches come from veggies and grains.

单糖和双糖来自水果、蜂蜜、甜菜和蔗，而糖淀粉来自蔬菜和谷物。

Then there are polysaccharides which are even larger chains with branches, and are the most abundant type of carbohydrates found in food.

而糖，能形成比寡糖更长的长链，并有支链，食物中所含的碳水化合物大都是糖。

See, applesauce is full of a polysaccharide called pectin, which normally holds cell walls together in some plants, including fruits like apples and berries.

看，苹果酱富含一种叫作果胶的糖，它们通常在一些植物中将细胞壁结合在一起，包括像苹果和浆果一类的水果。

And when you heat up pectin, those polysaccharide molecules start binding to each other and other molecules like water to create a tangled gummy network.

而当你对果胶进行加热时，这些糖分子开始相互结合，而其他分子，如水分子，则开始形成缠结的粘网状物。

Now when you eat something like a piece of onion bread, enzymes start breaking down disaccharides, oligosaccharides, and polysaccharides into monosaccharides so they can be absorbed.

当你吃东西时，比方说一片洋葱面包，消化酶便开始将食物中的双糖、寡糖、糖分解为单糖，以便人体吸收。

Finally, children with sickle cell typically get prophylaxis with penicillin and an additional polysaccharide vaccine against Streptococcus pneumoniae to help prevent sepsis and meningitis with encapsulated bacteria.

最后，镰状细胞病儿童通常会预防使用青霉素以及其它糖疫苗，以对抗肺炎链球菌，有助于预防荚膜菌引发的败血症和脑膜炎。

Like xanthan gum, carrageenan is a long, complex polysaccharide and it's curvy helical structure makes it particularly good at binding not only with water, but also with proteins.

像黄原胶一样，角叉菜胶是一种长而复杂的糖，它弯曲的螺旋结构使它不仅能与水结合，能与蛋白质结合。

Different enzymes help to break different linkages - for example amylases break down large polysaccharides like starch into smaller units, whereas lactase, sucrase, and maltase break down lactose, sucrose, and maltose into their monosaccharides.

不同的消化酶能分解特定的糖链，比如淀粉酶可以将淀粉等糖分解为小分子的糖，而乳糖酶、蔗糖酶、麦芽糖酶则分别可将乳糖、蔗糖、麦芽糖降解为相应的单糖。

Consider starch and fiber, both polysaccharides, both derived from plants, both composed of hundreds to thousands of monosaccharides joined together, but they're joined together differently, and that changes the effect they have on your body.

拿淀粉和纤维来说，它们都是糖，都是从植物中获得的，也都由成百上千个单糖连接而成，但是它们的连接方式不同，这就改变了它们对你身体的影响。

As a quick review, remember that the immune system has T cells that react to all sorts of antigens, which are usually small peptides, polysaccharides, or lipids, and that some of these antigens are part of our own body's cells.

免疫系统的T细胞和各种抗原反应；抗原一般是小分子肽、糖或者脂类，而有些抗原可以是自身细胞。

Insulin helps stimulate the liver to store glucose as glycogen in a process called glycogenesis - which is when some of the glucose molecules get linked together with alpha 1-4 and alpha 1-6 glycosidic bonds to form a polysaccharide called glycogen.

胰岛素能促进肝细胞将葡萄糖转化为糖原，并贮存于肝脏，这个过程称为糖原生成，具体而言就是葡萄糖分子通过α-1，4糖苷键、α-1，6糖苷键结合成称为“糖原”的糖的过程。