Another type of seedless vascular plant is ferns, also known as monilophytes.

另一种籽维管植物是蕨类植物，也被称为生植物。

As you can tell, bryophytes and seedless vascular plants are not simply low-to-the-ground lurkers.

正如你所知，苔藓植物和籽维管植物并不是简下潜伏者。

You can find that in the seedless grapes sometimes.

有时您可以在籽葡萄中找到这一点。

Although many of the early seedless vascular plants have gone extinct, you can still find some of them growing today.

虽然许多早期籽维管植物已经灭绝了，但你仍然可以发现中一些在今天生长。

We're talking bryophytes and seedless vascular plants, the categories that include mosses and ferns, liverworts, and more.

我说是苔藓植物和籽维管植物，这类植物包括苔藓、蕨类、苔类等。

All right, and then the secret weapon in the world of seedless pepper flakes, this is a Turkish maras biber.

好吧， 然后是籽胡椒片世界秘密武器，这是土耳其 maras biber。

Some mutant individuals developed fruit without even having to be pollinated, resulting in our seedless bananas, grapes, oranges, and pineapples.

一些突变体甚至不需要授粉就能长出果实，从而产生了籽香蕉、葡萄、橙子和菠萝。

I mean the breadfruit tree, which is quite abundant on Gueboroa Island, and there I chiefly noted the seedless variety that in Malaysia is called rima.

我说是面包树，在格波罗尔岛上，这种树非常多，我特别留心那没有核仁一种，马来亚语管叫利马。

And they don't contain vascular tissue, the water and transport system found in all other plants, which developed later with seedless vasculars.

不含维管组织，这是所有其他植物中发现水和运输系统，这些植物后来发展出籽维管。

Next time, we'll be using these tools to uncover the history of plants, starting with bryophytes and seedless vascular plants, some of the earliest plants on Earth.

下节课，我将用这些工具来揭开植物历史，从苔藓植物和籽维管植物开始，是球上最早植物。

Well, the bryophytes and seedless vascular plants were some of the first plants to arise from that event — and many of them still exist today!

苔藓植物和籽维管植物是第一批从那次事件中产生植物，其中许多今天仍然存在！

So, a few hundred million years later, a cousin of the bryophytes showed up, Seedless Vascular Plants forming another branch on the plant family tree: seedless vascular plants.

因此，几亿年后，苔藓植物表亲籽维管植物出现了，形成了植物家族树另一个分支：籽维管植物。

Cultivated bananas were selected long ago to be all flesh and no seed, thereby inspiring modern agricultural scientists to develop seedless oranges, grapes, and watermelons as well.

很久以前，人就选择了全肉籽栽培香蕉，从而启发现代农业科学家开发籽橙子、葡萄和西瓜。

While size and tastiness are the most obvious criteria by which human hunter-gatherers select wild plants, other criteria include fleshy or seedless fruits, oily seeds, and long fibers.

虽然大小和味道是人类狩猎采集者选择野生植物最明显标准，但其他标准还包括肉质或籽水果、油性种子和长纤维。

From seedless watermelons, to bean plants that can survive frigid winters, to regular ol' broccoli, so much of what we find in the produce section we've altered in one way or another.

从籽西瓜，到能在寒冷冬天存活豆类植物，再到普通西兰花，我在农产品区找到很多东西都被我以这样或那样方式改变了。

On top of that, seedless vascular plants — and all plants that evolved after them — have a dominant sporophyte, meaning that what we tend to recognize as the plant is actually its sporophyte generation.

最重要是，籽维管植物——以及在之后进化所有植物——都有一个显性孢子体，这意味着我倾向于认为植物实际上是孢子体一代。

So, bryophytes and seedless vasculars can tell us a lot about how plants evolved over time, like how an older relative can tell you what life was like before cell phones or the Internet, or microwave popcorn.

所以，苔藓植物和籽维管植物可以告诉我很多关于植物如何随着时间进化信息，就像一个年长亲戚如何告诉你在手机、互联网或微波爆米花出现之前生活是什么样子。

" No stranger than that Luther Burbank who was born on a farm in Massachusetts should have produced a seedless orange or that Henry Ford who was born on a farm in Michigan should have invented a Tin Lizzie" .

“出生在马萨诸塞州农场 Luther Burbank 应该生产籽橙子，或者出生在密歇根州农场 Henry Ford 应该发明 Tin Lizzie，这并不奇怪”。

Having a dominant sporophyte introduced lots of advantages — like, while the spore-making generation of a bryophyte couldn't grow very far off the ground; the sporophytes of seedless vascular plants could grow much taller and larger, with more room for spore-producing organs.

拥有一个优势孢子体带来了很多好处——比如，苔藓植物产孢体不能长得离面很远；而籽维管植物孢子体可以长得更高更大，有更多空间容纳产孢器官。

" " No stranger than that Luther Burbank who was born on a farm in Massachusetts should have produced a seedless orange or that Henry Ford who was born on a farm in Michigan should have invented a Tin Lizzie." " But those are practical things.

“ ”更奇怪是，出生在马萨诸塞州农场路德·伯班克 （Luther Burbank） 应该生产出籽橙子，或者出生在密歇根州农场亨利·福特 （Henry Ford） 应该发明一种罐头橙子。”“但这些都是实际事情。