This applies to both functional cysts and benign neoplasms like endometriomas, as well as serous and mucinous adenomas.

这适用功能性囊肿及诸如子宫内膜异位症囊肿、浆液性或黏液性囊等良性肿。

Instead, the pituitary adenoma simply grows in size and secretes too much ACTH.

相反，垂体只会增大，并分过多的ACTH。

In some cases, Cushing syndrome results from a pituitary adenoma making excess ACTH, and in those situations it's called Cushing disease.

某些病例中，库欣综合征是由垂体造过多促肾上皮质激素导致的；这种情况下，它被称作库欣病。

For a prolactinoma, dopamine agonists like cabergoline can be used - because they inhibit prolactin secretion just like dopamine naturally would, and they shrink the adenoma.

乳素，可用如卡麦角林这类多巴胺激动剂，因为该药能模仿自然状态的多巴胺，抑乳素的分，从而使体缩小。

The leading cause of that is a pituitary adenoma, which is a benign tumor of the pituitary gland- and this specific condition is called Cushing disease.

垂体是导致这一失常的主要原因，这是一种位垂体的良性肿，这种特定情况下被称为库欣病。

In both adrenal adenomas and carcinomas, the cells of the zona fasciculata within the adrenal cortex start dividing abnormally and secrete excess cortisol.

肾上和肾上癌中，肾上皮质里束状带的细胞开始异常分裂并分过多皮质醇。

Unlike pituitary adenomas, ectopic sites of ACTH productions typically don't respond even to high doses of dexamethasone, and the serum cortisol remains high.

和垂体不同，异位ACTH综合征一般高剂量地塞米松没有反应，血清皮质醇还是会很高。

If Cushing syndrome is due to a pituitary adenoma - like in Cushing disease - then surgical excision of the adenoma may be needed.

如果库欣综合征是由垂体导致，比如库欣病，那可能需要手术移除。

Low ACTH levels can be seen in adrenal adenomas and carcinomas, whereas high ACTH levels can be seen in Cushing disease and ectopic ACTH production.

肾上和肾上癌会检测出低水平ACTH，库欣病和异位ACTH综合征会检测出高水平ACTH。

The second most common cause is called Conn syndrome and this is where an adenoma or tumor in the glandular epithelial cells secretes too much hormone.

第二常见的原因称为Conn综合征：这是由起源上皮细胞的或肿分过多的激素。

Apart from pituitary adenomas, there are ectopic sources of ACTH like small cell lung cancer, and in these cases the excess ACTH is coming from somewhere other than the pituitary.

除了垂体，ACTH也有异位来源，比如小细胞肺癌；这种情况下，垂体以外的部位分过多的ACTH。

A different cause is a hyper functioning thyroid adenoma where the follicular cells start growing uncontrollably, forming a benign tumor that makes excess thyroid hormones.

另一个原因是功能亢进的甲状，即滤泡细胞的生长开始不受控，形成一个产生过量甲状激素的良性肿。

Another common cause of endogenous Cushing syndrome is tumors of the adrenal glands that make excess cortisol - like adrenal adenomas, which are benign tumors, and adrenal carcinomas, which are malignant tumors.

另一种常见的内源性库欣综合征的原因是肾上肿导致过多的皮质醇分，比如肾上，一种良性肿，还有肾上癌，一种恶性肿。

It can be exogenous, meaning drug-related, or endogenous, meaning that it's from an adrenal tumor or excess ACTH from a pituitary adenomas, in which case it's called Cushing disease or from an ectopic site like small cell lung cancer.

它可以是外源性，也就是药物相关；或内源性，也就是由肾上肿或由垂体分过多ACTH造成，这种情况下叫做库欣病，或是源异位分，比如小细胞肺癌。