It's a polymerized alkene, but the molecule itself is an alkane.

它聚合烯烃， 但分子本身烃。

Sometimes the oils are fully hydrogenated, creating saturated alkanes.

有时油会完全氢化，产生饱和烃。

First, alkanes are always named based on the longest possible continuous chain in their structure.

首先，烃总根据其结构中最长连续链命名。

They can be alkanes or alkenes, sometimes, even rarely, alkynes.

它们可烃或烯烃，有时甚至很少炔烃。

I'm not gonna go through them all. There are a few naming rules that are specific to alkanes.

我不会一一列举。 有一些特定于烃命名规则。

Alkanes are just more of the same, add another carbon to lengthen the chain.

烃只更多相同，添另一个碳延长链。

Alkenes can be made into alkanes and alkynes can become either alkenes or alkanes depending on how many atoms are added.

烯烃可变成烃，炔烃可变成烯烃或烃，具体取决于添子数。

There's only one letter changing here: A in alkanes changes to E for alkenes and then to Y for alkynes.

这里只有一个字母发生变化：烃中 A 变为烯烃中 E，然后变为炔烃中 Y。

The first is the kind that made alkane the most common fuel for combustion or burning.

第一种使烃成为最常见燃烧或燃烧燃料。

The final reaction type is dehydrogenation, and it, somewhat obviously, is the removal of hydrogen atoms from alkanes.

最后反应类型脱氢， 从某种程度上来说，它从烃中去除氢子。

The fully saturated hydrocarbons I just described are usually called by the much simpler name, alkanes.

我刚刚描述完全饱和碳氢化合物通常用更简单名称命名， 即烃。

But there are 3 types of alkane reactions that are important enough for us to cover right now right here.

但有 3 种类型烃反应非常重要， 我们现在就在这里进行介绍。

The simplest of the alkanes is one you've heard of before, methane, or CH4, the main compound in natural gas.

最简单烃您前听说过甲或 CH4， 它天然气中主要化合物。

Combustion is the type of reaction that powers your car and your propane grill, even candles among many other alkane fuels.

燃烧一种为您汽车和丙烤架提供动力反应类型，甚至蜡烛和许多其他烃燃料。

Things get more interesting, though, with the next alkane, butane, C4H10, because there are two different forms of it.

不过，对于下一个烃丁 C4H10， 事情变得更有趣，因为它有两种不同形式。

Now suppose you have more than one of the same size group attached to the same chain, like two methyl groups on the same alkane.

现在假设您有多个相同大小基团连接到同一条链上，例如同一烃上两个甲基。

The next simplest alkane contains 2 carbons side by side, each one of them in bonded to 3 hydrogen atoms.

下一个最简单烃包含 2 个并排碳子， 每个碳子都与 3 个氢子键合。

So three words representing three different groups of organic compounds: alkanes for all single bonds, alkenes if they contain double bonds, and alkynes if they contain one or more triple bonds.

所三个词代表三组不同有机化合物：所有单键烃，含有双键烯烃，含有一个或多个三键炔烃。

If you paid attention, you learned that hydrocarbons with double bonds are called alkenes and those with triple bonds are called alkynes and that the naming rules are the same as for alkanes.

如果你注意话，你会发现带有双键碳氢化合物称为烯烃， 带有三键碳氢化合物称为炔烃， 并且命名规则与烃相同。

So alkanes with 5 to 18 chains of carbon atoms like octane and gasoline are liquids at room temperature and those with more than 18 carbon atoms like paraffin or other waxes are solids.

因此，具有 5 到 18 个碳子链烃（如辛和汽油）在室温下液体，而那些具有超过 18 个碳子烃（如石蜡或其他蜡）固体。