But they're really just positively-charged cations — like calcium, sodium, and potassium — and negatively-charged anions, like phosphate, sulfate, and bicarbonate.

但它们实际上只正荷的阳离子——比如钙、钠和钾——和荷的阴离子，比如磷酸盐、硫酸盐和碳酸氢盐。

So cations only react with anions to form new compounds.

所以阳离子只与阴离子反应形成新的化合物。

The sodium, this became a cation, because it's positive.

钠，这变成了阳离子，因为它正的。

Cations are positively charged and anions are negatively charged.

阳离子正， 阴离子。

But how do we know which ions are cations and which are anions?

但我们怎么知道哪些离子阳离子哪些阴离子呢？

Silver is also a metal and is also a cation.

银也一种金属， 也一种阳离子。

And don't just think that there's one anion and one cation.

不要只认为只有一种阴离子和一种阳离子。

Alkali metals want nothing more than to dump off an electron and form a positive ion, or cation.

碱金属只想释放子并形成正离子或阳离子。

But the names of these ions change somewhat depending on whether they are cations or anions.

但这些离子的名称会根据它们阳离子还阴离子而有所不同。

Now, when we name ionic compounds, we just say the cation first, and the anion second.

现在，当我们命名离子化合物时， 我们只先说阳离子， 然后再说阴离子。

They all form ions readily when they react with non-metals, and when they do, they always lose electrons, forming cations.

当它们与非金属反应时， 它们都很容易形成离子，当它们发反应时， 它们总失去子， 形成阳离子。

Iron, for example, in the middle there, forms cations, but they can have a charge of either two or three.

例如，铁在中间形成阳离子， 但它们可以两个或三个荷。

Ions that have lost electrons, and therefore take on a positive charge, are cations. Whereas ones that gain electrons to become negative are anions.

失去子并因此正荷的离子阳离子。而那些获得子变成离子的阴离子。

Next, you have the alkaline earth metals - reactive metals, but not as reactive as the alkali metals, forming cations with two positive charges instead of just one.

接下来，你有碱土金属 - 活泼金属， 但不像碱金属那样活泼，形成有两个正荷而不一个正荷的阳离子。

There is a slight complicating factor in that modern Chinese texts produced for business purposes, such as contracts, patents or specifi cations, were, in the early years of China's liberalisation, sometimes adapted from English texts.

在一定程度上， 现代中文商业文本，如合同、专利或规范，在中国早期改革开放时期有时从英文文本改编而来的。

The pay was not great, the position was at the bottom, the hours were long, and the work consisted of the rather mundane task of looking over patent appli- cations, but Einstein leaped at the chance.

薪酬并不高， 职位处于底层，工作时间长， 内容也不过审查专利申请这种相当平凡的任务，但爱因斯坦却毫不犹豫地抓住了这个机会。