Others have only one flagellum. The flagella rotate, pushing the bacteria through the water.

而有的菌只有一根鞭毛。鞭毛的旋转可以推动菌在水中行进。

Well, choanoflagellates have little flagella that whip back and forth to move them from place to place.

领鞭虫有很小的鞭毛，鞭毛来回摆动，让它们从一个地方移动到另一个地方。

Leptospira is also a motile bacteria because it has flagella that help it move around.

端螺旋体也是一种能动菌，因为它有可以帮助运动的鞭毛。

They can also have flagella which are long, whip-like protrusions that allow the bacteria to move.

菌表面也有类似鞭子一样的突，称为鞭毛，它们参与协助菌运动。

As in modern specimens, the fossil sperm lacked a flagellum, or tail.

与现代标本一样，化石精子没有鞭毛或尾巴。

The cells use rotating flagella to propel towards the surface of the rock, which they attach to with the help of sticky appendages.

利用旋转的鞭毛游向石头的表面，然后利用富有粘性的附属附着于石头上。

The process by which a spermatid elongates, grows a tail, or flagellum, and officially becomes a mobile sperm is called spermiogenesis.

精子伸长、长尾巴或鞭毛并正式成为移动精子的过程称为精子形成。

And they wanted to focus on the flagellum because it's that whiplike tail that propels a sperm forward.

霍普金：他们想把重点放在鞭毛上，因为鞭状的尾巴推动精子前进。

It has pili and a single polar flagellum, kind of like a tail, at one end which it uses for movement through the gastrointestinal tract.

它含有菌毛和一条像尾巴的鞭毛；鞭毛可以移动，使其能在胃肠道中移动。

Now, how that flagellum beating and how the movement of that structure changes in response to changing flow conditions was completely ignored.

Nosrati：现在，鞭毛的跳动以及该结构的运动如何随着流动条件的变化而变化被完全忽略了。

Over billions of years of evolution, nature has come up with lots of molecular machines, from whip-like flagella that help cells move, to enzymes that catalyze chemical reactions.

在几十亿年的进化过程中，大自然产了许多分子机器，从帮助运动的鞭状鞭毛体到催化学反应的酶。

Matrix producers pump out the extracellular goo, swimmers assemble flagella and are free to move about or migrate, and spore-formers produce dormant, tough endospores that survive starvation, temperature extremes, and harmful radiation.

基质制造者能够分泌外粘性质，鞭毛可以自由活动和迁移，芽孢菌产休眠、坚硬的孢子内壁，孢子内壁能够在饥饿、极端温度、以及有害射线下存。

And when blue light shines onto the eyespot of an algae cell, a channel opens, sending an electrical signal that makes little flagella flap and propels the algae towards sunlight.

当蓝光照射到藻类的眼点上时， 一个通道打开，发电信号， 使小鞭毛拍打并推动藻类朝向阳光。