But using Koyama's record, they could precisely follow specific sunspots and clusters through that journey.

但利用小山记录，这一过程中，研究人员可以准确跟踪特定黑子或黑子群。

Solar flares and coronal mass ejections often occur near sunspots.

阳耀斑和日冕物质抛射经常发生阳黑子附近。

What are sunspots and why are they dark?

什么是阳黑子，为什么它们是黑色?

The least sunspots in an 11-year period is considered solar minimum, while the most sunspot signifies the solar maximum.

阳黑子量最11时期被认为是阳活动极小期，而阳黑子量最多时期则代表阳活动极大期。

Around the edges of sunspots, the magnetic field lines are concentrated.

阳黑子边缘，磁力线是集中。

The Italian scientist Galileo was among the first astronomers to study sunspots.

意大利科学家伽利略是最早研究阳黑子天文学家之一。

This creates a bright rim around sunspots called faculae (Latin for “little torch”).

这就阳黑子周围形成了一圈亮边，被称为光斑（拉丁文意思是“小火炬”）。

The areas of the strongest fields coincide exactly with the position of sunspots.

磁场最强部位正好就是阳黑子位置。

At the beginning of a cycle the jet stream is found, like sunspots, in mid-latitudes.

一个活动周期开始时候，就可以找到高速气流，像中纬度地区阳黑子。

Ironically, sunspots actually increase the energy output of the Sun.

具有讽刺意味是，阳黑子实际上增加了阳能量输出。

What results are relatively dark blemishes on the solar surface called " sunspots" .

结果阳表面形成了黑斑，称为“阳黑子”。

This cycle can be visibly measured by an increase and decrease of sunspots on its surface.

这个周期可以通过阳表面黑子增减来进行明确测量。

" A direct measure of solar activity is the number of sunspots on the surface, " Reinhold said.

" 阳活动一个直接测量方法是阳表面黑子量，" 莱因霍尔德说。

The second study which suggests something odd is happening looked at the strengths of sunspots.

表明奇怪事情正发生第二项研究检查了阳黑子活力。

An absence of sunspots also means an absence of solar flares and their more violent siblings, coronal mass ejections.

缺阳黑子也意味着阳耀斑以及它们更强烈同胞-日冕物质抛射不存。

And the newer one also uses a secret formula based on mathematics, astronomy, sunspots, tides and the Earth's position.

它也使用了秘密公式，基于学、天文学、阳黑子、潮汐和地球位置。

They also worked out that the latitude of this wind is related to the sunspot cycle.

他们还计算出这次阳风纬度和阳黑子活动周期相关。

Sunspots are caused by irruptions into its surface of the sun's deeper magnetism.

阳黑子是由入侵活动进入阳深层磁性表面造成。

These flares typically emanate from the vicinity of sunspots and can travel all the way to Earth's atmosphere.

这些耀斑通常阳黑子附近爆发，并可以一路直冲地球大气层。

Sunspots are only dark in relation to the bright material around them.

黑子暗只不过是对应着周围明亮物质而言。