Liu became an infrequence bandit chief owing to his expand territory, mass banditti,profound society infection and lasting banditry.Liu Guitang is a representative subject on the bandits in Republic.
首刘桂堂以
活动范围之广、历经时间之长、聚集
众之多、危害社会之大,成为民国时期全国罕见
巨
,也为民国土
研究提供了一个典型个案。