monophyletic

clade A group defined by at least one shared derived character or synapomorphy inherited from a common ancestor; a monophyletic higher taxon, a branch on a cladogram.

由共同祖先演产生的生物群在演分图上的分支。

polyphyletic Refers to a group of species that do not have one common ancestor species. Species may be grouped polyphyletically as a convenience until a monophyletic classification can be made.

复系的指的是没有共同祖先的族群。在便利性之下，种可能是来自多祖先谱系的群集，直单源的分类能被创立。